JAZZ BOOKS AND ARTICLES
by Jason Lyon


"Frustration is just a thrill upside-down"
"It took me twenty years to become a jazz musician.
Ten years to learn how to play and another ten years to learn how to not play"


FREE JAZZ ARTICLES | THE BEST OF JAZZ ON THE WEB | RECOMMENDED READING
(or just scroll down for the free stuff - it's okay, I do the same...)
Both books are available now (£20 each volume plus postage).
Click here for ordering information.


PENTATONIC AND HEXATONIC SCALES IN JAZZ IMPROVISATION

152 pages, A4 perfect-bound

Detailed exploration of the six most used pentatonic scales, what to play on every chord type, pentatonics on II-V-Is, variations on II-V-Is and reharmonisations, outside and parallel pentatonics, partial pentatonics, pentatonics with passing notes, keeping modal form, all about groove, traditional hexatonics, hexatonics from triad pairs, the whole-tone family of six, modalisation, fragmentation and outside playing with hexatonics, practice suggestions, example solos, appendices, exercises, pentatonic licks from the jazz repertoire, the "avoid" note, listening, suggested tunes. VIEW SAMPLE PAGES

A COMPENDIUM OF JAZZ PIANO VOICINGS
112 pages, A4 perfect-bound

A big band under your fingers, rhythmic considerations, playing with guitarists, chord-scale theory, defining chord tones, the quality of voicings, shells, expanded shells, thirds, sixths, stride, four-way close, rootless, melodic minor "grips", "add 2", clusters, fourths, "axis", "drop" chords, drop-2 block chords, four-note structures, Shearing block chords, dominant 13ths, diatonic triads and sevenths, upper structures, slash and polychords, "So What" chords, fifths, RH octave-triads and ambi chords, Red Garland block chords, triad expansions, stacks, combinations and approaches, practice suggestions, DIY ear training, examples, patterns and exercises. VIEW SAMPLE PAGES

I found your jazz improvisation materials by accident (actually, searching the internet for 'the invisible half bar line'). What a find! Well written and useful. BM

I found your jazz articles to be really useful and about the clearest and most practically helpful things I've come across. MG

You've written some great jazz articles on your website which I've enjoyed reading. Good stuff, just what I like reading and putting the real take on things instead of the blurb from the jazz courses. DR
Thanks for your formidable book on Pentatonics. A very useful reference book for anyone interested in understanding the possibilities from scratch to advanced. Your book would be really useful for musicians to dip into it and bring things to whatever they are working on. I like also the friendly clear tone of your commentaries. AG

The book on Pentatonics was a most enjoyable read. Speaking as an old pro, it's great to see someone writing so clearly and comprehensively about a lot of the stuff so many of us had to find out by the hard slog. I kept thinking to myself, oh that's why that works... FS


FREE ARTICLES ON JAZZ IMPROVISATION
Books by Jason Lyon | The Best of Jazz on the Web | Recommended Reading
All files are PDFs. Left-click the underlined links to view, right-click to download. Don't forget to bookmark this page - I add new content regularly.

THE CONTEMPORARY JAZZ SOUND
The use of gapped scales in the contemporary style:
Intro, I Pentatonics, II Hexatonics, III Melodic Minor Grips

EXERCISE CONNECTING PENTATONIC SCALES

A BRIEF GUIDE TO PIANO FOURTH VOICINGS

TRANSCRIPTION OF BILL EVANS SOLO ON LOVE FOR SALE
Annotated piano solo taken from the CD 58 Miles (aka Jazz Track).

HOW TO PRACTISE BACKWARDS
Using melodic cells and pickups to bring structure and resolution to your phrasing.

DECIPHERING CHORD SYMBOLS
A quick guide to standard and non-standard chord symbols.

BLUES SCALE BASICS

SUSSING OUT THE BLUES
Using triad pairs to open up a modal approach to the blues.

HOW TO HANDLE A SUS CHORD
includes extracts from McCoy Tyner's solo on Passion Dance (from The Real McCoy).

BEBOP PERPETUAL MOTION EXERCISES
Repeating two-bar turnaround figures containing a host of idiomatic bebop gestures along with analysis.

TRANSCRIPTION OF TOMMY FLANAGAN SOLO ON MR PC
Texbook bebop minor blues solo. From Coltrane's Giant Steps.

TRANSCRIPTION OF TOMMY FLANAGAN SOLO ON ECLYPSO
Bebop on a turnaround tune with extended double-time passage. From The Cats.

TRANSCRIPTION OF TOMMY FLANAGAN SOLO ON MINOR MISHAP
Blues figures and bebop descending minor scale runs, with analysis. From The Cats.
USING UPPER STRUCTURE TRIADS IN SOLO LINES

GUIDELINES TO WRITING PARTS

COLTRANE'S SUBSTITUTION TUNES
Explanation of what's going on in Moment's Notice, Lazy Bird, Giant Steps and Countdown.

PLAYING GIANT STEPS WITH ONE SCALE
Working with the augmented hexatonic scale.

TUNE-SCALES
A modern approach to improvising on the sense of a tune.

COMPOSING SOLOS
or how to cheat...

YOU'VE BEEN TAUGHT THE WRONG CHORD TONES
The importance of the 6th on a tonic chord.

THE BASICS OF MODERN MERENGUE PIANO

HOW TO LISTEN FOR CLAVE IN SALSA

BEBOP EXERCISES
Practical exercises for internalising bebop chromaticism.

THE KNOT PDF score MIDI file
An etude for practising extreme bebop chromaticism, dedicated to Lennie Tristano.

A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR OUTSIDE PLAYING
You'll get it in ten minutes flat, and be playing it within an hour.

DIMINISHED RESPONSIBILITY
Using harmonic minor scales to open up the diminished sound.


These files are offered in a spirit of generosity, and I hope you'll find them useful. Feel free to download them, use them, share them, tell people about them, whatever. Just keep the credits intact. This material may be offered for free, but it's still copyright.

If you have any thoughts or questions, or you're interested in learning more about the books, drop me a line at jasonalyon@hotmail.com. I'm interested in any feedback you may have - in fact, it would help me to know what you think. If you take the time to write, I'll take the time to respond and I'll help or advise as best I can. Feel free, also, to suggest links.

Oh, and please visit the quartet website at http://www.myspace.com/jasonlyonquartet.

Some of the resources listed below are rather beyond the remit of "jazz" per se. Music is music. Any jazz musician will benefit from a better understanding of counterpoint and chorale writing. Looking at how Mozart, Brahms or Tchaikovsky scored for woodwind and brass is fascinating study for big band arrangers. On a more general level, a greater appreciation of how classical composers have approached and organised large-scale form will help your improvisation and composition evolve beyond the limitations of chorus-based blowing.


Jason Lyon
London
(Last updated April 2011)


PS Thanks to all who have bought my books. I'm currently preparing second editions and would welcome any input you have.



Jazz Piano Online







THE BEST OF JAZZ ON THE WEB
Books by Jason Lyon | Free Jazz Articles by Jason Lyon | Recommended Reading

LESSONS AND ARTICLES

A Jazz Improvisation Primer by Marc Sabatella - thorough and informative, even though the online version doesn't contain scored examples | A Reference for Jazz Theory by Michael Morangelli | The Cannonball Adderley Rendezvous - interviews and articles | Charles McNeil's page - cycle patterns and exercises | Doug Mackenzie's page - lots of excellent video piano lessons with scrolling scores and annotations. Jazz as she is actually spoken... Also available on YouTube (Doug's nom de tube is jazz2511) | Hal Galper's page - articles and observations from the author of Forward Motion (see below) | How Jazz Musicians Practise by Ted Rosenthal - it would be unkind to ask whether they do... | Howard Rees Jazz Workshop - articles on Barry Harris's method and more | Jason Lyon's page - a series of articles and exercises covering bebop, gapped scales, Latin styles, outside playing and more from the author of Pentatonics & Hexatonics in Jazz and Compendium of Jazz Piano Voicings (see below) | Jazz Arranging Online - Chuck Israels' course, including examples using Garritan Jazz & Big Band. Free to lurkers | Jazz Piano Chords and Scales - handy visual keyboard display of voicings and scales in all keys | JazzPianoOnline.com - Boston-based Bill Rinehart's site is packed with clearly explained video lessons (with practice materials) and can take you all the way from basic harmony up to extended voicings and reharmonisation techniques. Particularly useful are his phrase-by-phrase breakdowns of transcribed solo choruses. Some free content, but the subscription is well worth it. Highly recommended | Learn Jazz Piano - Scot Ranney's popular online community | Musical Thoughts - useful principles on playing idiomatic bebop | Paul Busby's Scored Changes - tutorials, tips and arrangements | Pete Thomas' page - comprehensive online presentation of material used for teaching at Southampton University. Site also links to a lot of useful content on production music | Rimsky-Korsakov's Principles of Orchestration Online - a classic text, illustrated with Garritan Personal Orchestra. Free to lurkers | Songs for Interval Recognition | The Jazz Piano Study Letter (Darius Brotzman's discontinued newsletter) - free articles available | Tim Richards' page - a couple of free articles from leading London jazz educator, author of the Improvising Blues Piano and Exploring Jazz Piano books (see below) | Robin Frederick's page - excellent article on the craft of popular songwriting. Robin also has books for sale | Justin Rubin's resources on classical composition and orchestration - informative examples of everything from simple binary compositional forms right through to contemporary principles such as aleatoric and process practices | Thoughts on the Characteristics of Different Keys - what classical composers felt about each key's different emotional resonance | 100 Greatest Jazz Albums (Ken Watkins) - intelligently written reviews and analysis of classic recordings. A good place to look if you're building a collection from scratch | YouTube - there's nothing quite like watching the greats in action and you'll find loads on YouTube. Just rattle your favourite name into the search box



CLASSIC TEXTS ON COMPOSITION & ORCHESTRATION

These are all public domain (Adler and Piston are the most up-to-date, but not free). Even if you're not interested in classical orchestration, these venerable texts are essential reference about the technical aspects, character and nuances of each instrument.

Fux Gradus ad Parnassum - whenever I recommend this, people groan but it's actually quite fun and the presentation is surprisingly modern.
Berlioz (ed Strauss) on Orchestration
Rimsky-Korsakov Principles of Orchestration - if you read one, read this. This is the text, an interactive online version is at Garritan's site, here
Widor on Orchestration
Vincent on Orchestration
Forsyth on Choral Orchestration

Alan Belkin's page - includes online books on Musical Form, Orchestration, Harmony and Counterpoint
Thomas Goss's OrchestrationOnline YouTube channel has an ongoing series of video presentations full of useful insight into the process and profession of a composer/orchestrator (and human being). Highly recommended


TRANSCRIPTIONS (mostly PDFs)

"All the resources listed below are free to download, but before you charge off on a downloading binge, a word of caution. IMHO, transcriptions are of limited use unless you have access to the recording. While it may be possible to extract general principles from a score you haven't heard, most often a transcription just won't make much sense to you unless you've heard the recording." JL

Charles McNeil's page - tons of horn solos, bop to modern. This guy needs to get out more, but I'm glad he doesn't... | EJMA page - ramshackle but packed French site linking to hundreds of transcriptions (all instruments and styles) | IMSLP Petrucci Library - an awful lot of classical score editions are now in the public domain. There's no better way to learn how to write for large ensembles, classical or jazz, than to download a full PDF score and follow it while listening to a performance on Youtube, Spotify or whatever | Jason Lyon's page - Bill Evans and Tommy Flanagan solos | John Grove's transcription page - bop and postbop piano solos | Lucas Pickford's transcription page - lots of solos broken down by instrument | Michael Brecker official site - transcriptions by Rick Margitza and others (sound files included) | The Cannonball Adderley Rendezvous - sound files included | Woody Shaw official site - great transcriptions (sound files included)


CHORD CHARTS AND LEADSHEETS

Vanilla Changes by Ralph Patt - clear and accurate charts of hundreds of jazz tunes | PDF manuscript paper - preprinted score pages for various band lineups


MIDIS AND PLAYALONGS

Doug Mackenzie's MIDI page - over 300 (and rising) high-quality MIDI piano solo and piano trio performances (many containing tagged annotations) | Jazzmidi - hundreds of standards in MIDI format | John Farrell's page - MIDI and sound files of early jazz and stride classics (some taken from original player-piano rolls). Heaven for fingerbuster fans


SOFTWARE

Audacity - free sound recording, conversion and editing software. Allows you to slow tempo without pitch shifting and loop sections | Band in a Box - Some are snotty about this, I'm not one of them. Since the recent introduction of RealTracks, a huge modular library of professionally recorded patterns and licks, BIAB has come of age. Enter a chord chart, pick a tempo and style and use it as a writing tool or let it generate backing tracks (or more). Interface is still old-fashioned and quirky, though | iReal Book - Infinitely expandable fakebook in your pocket (no melodies or lyrics, for copyright reasons). At most jams I've been to over the past year or so, someone has parked their iPhone on a music stand. Working with a singer? Transpose instantly. Disagree with the changes? Edit them. Can't find a tune? Visit the forums directly from the app, search and download in seconds. I contribute to the forums and urge anyone else who uses the app to do the same. Originally developed for the iPhone, now also available for Android with limited functionality | Impro-Visor - Prof Bob Keller's computer intelligence team have produced this intriguing open-source program which uses AI algorithms and vocabulary modules to generate solos in the style of various performers. Also includes playback, and the ability to edit and enter leadsheets. | Kristal Audio Engine - totally free, easy-to-use digital audio workstation (DAW to those in the know), supports VST plugins (downside is, no MIDI support or VSTis). Supportive and friendly user forum too | KVR Audio Plugin Database - good first port of call for largely free effects and virtual instrument plugins (for use with DAWs such as Kristal and Reaper) | Mozart - budget music layout software. Clean, simple interface, but full of features. Free trial | Reaper - staggeringly well-featured DAW that's so tightly coded its co-operatively written manual is about five times the size of the program itself. Regular program updates and active user forums, which is where most of the suggestions for fixes and updates come from. Totally uncrippled shareware, but licence starts at just $50. Highly recommended | SAVIhost - tiny and very neat little utility that allows you to open a single VSTi virtual instrument (virtual keyboard included). Ideal for mucking around with virtual softsynths and the like | Solfege - free ear-training software | Transcribe! - trial for free, cheap to buy. Change tempo, loop sections, analyse sound spectrum to help decipher chords | Sibelius - the daddy of music layout software. Everyone uses it, though many in the US prefer Finale. Free trial. Does everything for you except fire the drummer | Wavosaur - highly specified freeware sound file editor. Supports VST plugins. Sibelius 6



Reaper DAW



RECOMMENDED READING
Books by Jason Lyon | Free Jazz Articles by Jason Lyon | The Best of Jazz on the Web

INSTRUCTION

101 Montunos, Rebeca Mauleon - excellent collection of Afro-Cuban piano figures (CD included).

A Chromatic Approach to Jazz Harmony & Melody, Dave Liebman

Compendium of Jazz Piano Voicings, Jason Lyon (order online at www.opus28.co.uk/orderpage.html).

Duke Ellington Jazz Composer, Ken Rattenbury - thorough examination of Ellington's work with detailed analysis of full scores.

Effortless Mastery, Kenny Werner - how to put yourself into that elusive state of mind when the music really happens.

Exploring Jazz Piano (2 vols), Tim Richards - Hands-on, from the basics all the way up. Highly recommended.

Forward Motion, Hal Galper - a thorough approach to correct jazz phrasing (sold by download at www.halgalper.com). Highly recommended.

Hearin' the Changes, Jerry Coker, Bob Knapp, Larry Vincent - how to assimilate common harmonic structures by ear. Music is built in chunks, so learn to think in chunks. Highly recommended.

How to Play Bebop (3 vols), David Baker - the definitive guide to playing bebop lines. There are also loads of Baker pattern books, but start with this series - if it doesn't take you at least six months to get through vol 2, you won't get anything more out of the other books.

Improvising Blues Piano, Tim Richards (CD included).

Inside Improvisation Series, Jerry Bergonzi (Vol 1 Melodic Structures, Vol 2 Pentatonics, Vol 3 The Jazz Line, Vol 4 Melodic Rhythms, Vol 5 Thesaurus of Intervallic Melodies, Vol 6 Developing a Jazz Language, Vol 7 Hexatonics) - excellent workbook series (CDs included).

Jazz Arranging Techniques, Gary Lindsay - from small combo right up to big band (CD included). Highly recommended. Order online at www.lindsayjazz.com.

Pentatonic and Hexatonic Scales in Jazz, Jason Lyon (order online at www.opus28.co.uk/orderpage.html).

The Drop 2 Book, Mark Levine - piano block chord workbook (CD included). Just when you thought life was too long, it's time to relearn every scale in chords...

The Jazz Piano Book, Mark Levine - the bible for pianists, but useful for everyone. One of those books that keeps teaching you years after you thought you'd got things down.

The Jazz Piano Study Letter, ed Darius Brotzman - 200-odd page collection of miscellaneous articles, reviews and transcriptions (order online at www.humboldt1.com/~jazz).

The Jazz Theory Book, Mark Levine - some duplication with the Jazz Piano Book, but it's worth buying both. Excellent section on reharmonisation.

The Salsa Book, Rebeca Mauleon - clear breakdown of Afro-Cuban styles for all rhythm section instruments.

Thinking in Jazz, Paul Berliner - exhaustive musicological investigation of jazz, packed with interviews with the greats.


FAKEBOOKS

"The old Real Books are a scruffy underground institution. Many of the charts are inaccurate, although learning to adjust is a worthwhile and very educational process - often heard on the bandstand: 'Real Book changes or shall we do it right?' A lot of the tunes are strange curios from the 1970s that haven't stood the test of time. And these books are illegal. However, absolutely everyone uses them on gigs. Hal Leonard has recently brought out a 6th edition of all three, tidied up and legalised. While these are good collections, I have trouble recommending them for practical purposes, since they absolutely do not contain the same sets of tunes as the old books (whatever the publisher may claim - I did a tally on volume one but gave up after finding forty differences). What's more, the chords are often at odds with what the old illegal versions have. In short, if you turn up to a gig with the new books, even when you find the same hymn you often won't be singing from the same hymn sheet. I can't officially endorse the old Real Books or tell you how to get hold of them, but they are still floating about out there. And everyone still plays out of them... How very jazz." JL

New Real Books (Sher) - accurate and clear, the new standard in fakebooks. New Real Books I, II and III contain some great tunes, but are prone to a little editorial prejudice and eccentricity. It's probably best to start off with the Standards volume.

Aebersold Playalongs - hundreds of volumes of charts (in all common transpositions) and CDs of a live rhythm section with piano and bass stereo-separated, so you can dial one or the other out. Some deal with basic harmonic patterns, blues, rhythm changes, etc. Others are collections of standards or deal with particular styles or tunes by or associated with a particular artist. People often use the charts on the stand, and some even use the CD tracks as backings when gigging alone and unforgiven. "Tooning note..."


TRANSCRIPTION BOOKS

A Love Supreme Complete
Charlie Parker Omnibook
Chick Corea - Now He Sings, Now He Sobs, Bill Dobbins
Herbie Hancock, Bill Dobbins
Kind of Blue Complete
Oscar Peterson - Note for Note (CD included)
The Artistry of Bill Evans 2 Vols, Bob Hinz
The Jazz Solos of Red Garland, Tony Genge


BIOGRAPHY, JOURNALISM AND GENERAL

A Love Supreme, Ashley Kahn
Beneath the Underdog - Charles Mingus
Footprints - Biography of Wayne Shorter, Michelle Mercer
The Great Jazz Pianists - Len Lyons
How My Heart Sings - Biography of Bill Evans, Paul Pettinger
The Inner Game of Music, Barry Green
Keith Jarrett, Ian Carr
The Jazz Book, Joachim Berendt
Jazz Changes & The Jazz Tradition, Martin Williams
Kind of Blue, Ashley Kahn
Miles - The (M*****f***ing) Autobiography
The Music of Lord of the Rings, Doug Adams - Howard Shore approached the scoring of nearly ten hours of film in a broadly Wagnerian sense. This engaging book walks you through the 90 or so motifs he used, with plenty of score examples included.
Oscar Peterson, Gene Lees
Shooting from the Hip, John Fordham
This is Your Brain on Music, Daniel Levitin
20th Century Harmony (Creative Aspects & Practice), Vincent Persichetti - Derided by some as a bit of a "cookbook", I think this is a fabulous resource for exploring 20th Century compositional techniques. Hugely rewarding, but rather technical and not for the faint-hearted.